Global Depositary Receipt GDR Definition and Example

An Indian company that wants its shares to be listed on foreign stock exchanges, such as the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges, except the US stock exchange, can use a GDR. The Indian company should engage with a foreign depository bank in a depositary receipt agreement. These banks issue shares on their respective stock exchanges based on regulatory compliance in both nations. A U.S.-based company that wants its stock to be listed on the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges can accomplish this via a GDR. The U.S.-based company enters into a depositary receipt agreement with the respective foreign depositary banks.

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GDRs are exchange-traded securities that represent ownership of shares in a foreign company, where those actual shares are traded abroad. A depositary is an independent, third-party entity such as a bank that may act as a safekeeping facility and fiduciary. For instance, a depositary bank can provide stock related services for a depositary receipt program.

For example, a Chinese company could create a GDR program that issues its shares through a depositary bank intermediary into the London market and the United States market. The depositary bank purchases shares of the company from the home market and then issues DRs representing these shares in the foreign market. These DRs can be bought, sold, and traded like any other stock in the foreign market. You can avoid trading directly with foreign stock exchanges by purchasing depositary receipts, but DRs come with both pros and cons. They’re convenient, and they can be less expensive than trading directly because the fees are often reduced. But your investment can be impacted by economic risks and circumstances in the foreign country, and DRs aren’t particularly liquid.

Simply put, a GDR meaning is a certificate that a depositary bank issues and sells on a stock exchange to represent shares in a foreign company. Global Depository Receipts are securities certificates issued by intermediaries such as banks for facilitating investments in foreign companies. A GDR represents a certain number of shares in a foreign company that is not traded on the local stock exchange. One GDR usually holds ten shares, but the ratio can be anything higher or lower than this.

The voting rights assigned to the shares are held by the depository bank that retains the shares, rather than the investor that holds the GDR. They act as a bridge between the home and foreign markets, dealing with the logistical aspects of the transaction, including regulatory compliance, transaction processing, and record-keeping. Dividends and gains earned on American depositary receipts are paid in U.S. dollars, net of expenses and foreign taxes.

These days, investments in foreign stocks should be part of any portfolio. It diversifies your holdings and offers opportunities to profit from trends and developments outside your home country. GDRs are commonly used by issuers to raise capital from international investors through private placement or public stock offerings. Investors and companies may wish to invest in publicly traded equity stocks that are not domiciled directly in their own country.

How is a depositary receipt transaction accomplished?

The bank is responsible for buying the shares on the company’s domestic market, creating a GDR that represents the shares, and then selling the GDRs on a foreign stock exchange. A global depositary receipt (GDR) is a second category of DR. It represents a bank certificate issued in more than one country for shares in a foreign company. A Depositary Receipt (DR) is a negotiable financial instrument that is issued by a bank and represents a specific number of shares in a foreign company that is traded on a domestic stock exchange. Depositary receipts can be attractive to investors because they allow them to diversify their portfolios and purchase shares in foreign companies. Diversification is an investment strategy in which a portfolio is constructed so it contains a wide variety of stocks in multiple industries.

Global depository receipts procedure

1. GDRs allow investors to gain access to international companies’ capital markets without dealing with language, currency or tax restrictions.
2. It’s important to note that any ADR you choose should be sponsored by the underlying corporation.
3. The bank is responsible for buying the shares on the company’s domestic market, creating a GDR that represents the shares, and then selling the GDRs on a foreign stock exchange.
4. But, the shares in the foreign country are settled and traded separately from the underlying share.
5. Some countries withhold taxes on dividends before they are paid out to the investor.
6. Investors still face economic risks because the country in which the foreign company is located could experience a recession, bank failures, or political upheaval.

The performance of DRs can be influenced by various factors, including changes in the issuing company’s financial performance, geopolitical events, and fluctuations in exchange rates. Investing in a foreign company means exposure to the political and economic conditions of that country. Political instability, regulatory changes, or economic downturns in the foreign country can negatively affect the value of the DR. While trading in the currency what is global depository receipt of the investor’s home country simplifies transactions, it does not entirely remove the currency risk. It’s important to note that any ADR you choose should be sponsored by the underlying corporation. If it is not, the security is likely to be traded over the counter (OTC), which is considered riskier as there are fewer regulatory requirements.

International companies issue GDRs to attract capital from foreign investors. GDRs trade on the investors’ local exchanges while offering exposure to an international marketplace. A custodian/depositary bank has possession of the GDRs underlying shares while trades take place, ensuring a level of protection and facilitating participation for all involved. The depositary bank first buys the shares of the international company (or, receives them from an investor who already owns them).

Several international banks issue GDRs, such as JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, and The Bank of New York Mellon. GDRs are often listed in the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Luxembourg Stock Exchange, and the London Stock Exchange, where they are traded on the International Order Book (IOB). You can see that the unsponsored variety trades over the counter, which leaves more work to the investor to determine if the voting rights are the same. Companies usually issue GDRs from developing and emerging markets because they can offer relatively higher growth than developed economies and, therefore, attract more investors. Keep an eye on foreign exchange rates, as changes can affect the value of your investments.

Usually, the foreign company pays the costs of issuing an ADR and retains control over it, while the bank handles the transactions with investors. While shares of an international company trade as domestic shares in the country where the company is located, global investors located elsewhere can invest in those shares through GDRs. Depositary receipts, in general, can come with their own set of unique risks. It is important for investors in any type of depositary receipt to understand the prospectus document detailing the investment. They also offer a convenient way for companies to raise capital globally by listing their shares in other markets. DRs are subject to the regulatory requirements of the market in which they are traded.

With sponsored programs, there is only one ADR, issued by the depositary bank working with the foreign company. Traders dealing in GDRs often compare the, for example, U.S. dollar price of the GDR with the U.S. dollar equivalent price of the shares trading on the international company’s domestic exchange. Eventually, this arbitrage trading activity causes the underlying shares and the GDRs to reach parity.

There are also risks with attending securities that aren’t backed by a company. The depositary receipt may be withdrawn at any time, and the waiting period for the shares being sold and the proceeds distributed to investors can be long. GDRs are listed on non-US stock exchanges like the Luxembourg or London Stock Exchange. The GDR market is institutional and thus offers low liquidity but allows trading across many significant countries. GDRs are usually traded in US dollars, but can also be traded in euros. A GDR is typically equivalent to 10 common shares in a company, but the company can specify any number of shares.

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